Core
Enterprise Architecture
Q0: What's the most innovative solution you've ever
come up with?
A: The answer will vary, but a candidate should
discuss a solution that is non-obvious. The candidate should be able to
describe using something that works perfectly (or nearly perfectly) for the
problem. The question is trying to assess how imaginative and innovative the
candidate will be.
Q1:
How do you approach security in your solutions?
A:
A candidate's answer should refer to at least authentication as well as
authorization. If forms are mentioned, the candidate should include solutions
for password management. Although answers will vary, having a clear approach to
security is crucial for a solutions architect. The need for a security design
and architecture is a fact of today's world.
Q2:
How do you protect against injection attacks?
A:
There are multiple different ways of approaching this question, but a candidate
should include discussions of SQL injection and cross site scripting (XSS). Any
mentioned approaches should include cleaning and screening the input. SQL
injection conversations should include a conversation about parameterized
queries and stored procedures.
Q3:
How do you diagnose performance issues?
A:
The candidate's answer should include a discussion about latencies, as well as
the capacities/bottlenecks of CPU, memory, disk, and network. Solutions
architects are often confronted with the most difficult problems, and an
understanding of isolating bottlenecks and resolving them is vital.
Q4:
What tools do you use for communicating architecture?
A:
A candidate's answer should include mechanisms for creating and distributing
pictures of the solution with an appropriate number of boxes and arrows. Any
solutions architect will recognize the need for both written communication and
pictures. Lots of solution architects can draw pictures, but they're often not
enough to convey a complete understanding.
Q5:
How do you support the functional analysts (FA)?
A:
The answer to this question should explain how the candidate would work with
the FA and answer their questions—as well as reflect clarifying questions. A
successful solution architect is happy to help the FA however they can, and
should show a readiness to co-operate. Ultimately, the solutions architect is
the technical leader of the team and needs to support teamwork.
Q6:
How do you support the development leads?
A:
Similar to supporting the functional analysts, solution architects are
resources for the development leads to help them solve the problems that are
occurring while development is actually taking place. A good candidate will
recognize their importance in helping the development leads find solutions to
their problems.
Q7:
How do you address cache coherency?
A:
A candidate's answer will vary, but should at least mention the use of
multi-server, in-memory caches, and caches that may be quasi-memory, such as a
SQL server database. They should understand that a SQL server database is where
the data gets maintained in memory by the SQL server predictive caching. The
candidate should be aware of problems with cached objects not being in-sync
across multiple servers, and the need to clear cached objects when cache
coherency is critical.
Q8:
How do you address scalability?
A:
Scalability can be addressed vertically (increasing the resources on the same
server) or horizontally (across multiple servers). Scalability is limited by
single-threaded operations, so a candidate should know to give them special consideration
when considering how to scale an application.
Q9:
How do you address fault tolerance?
A:
The candidate should recognize the need to eliminate single points of failure
as much as is possible. It's also important for candidates to be aware of the
ability to ensure that sessions can be switched to a new server at any
point—even if there's a performance impact to this switch. Modeling
failures—and testing with simulated failures—are important for any solutions
architect.
Difference
between SOA and Microsoervices
Microservices
are an evolution of SOA. Microservices don’t have a centralised service
management. Microservices only perform one business fuction. Microservices
usually go around lightway HTTP REST. SOA could be defined a superset of
Microservices.Containers are more suitable for Microservices. SOA Srvices share
data storage.Microservices use cloud platforms. SOA uses ESB to
comunicate(enterprise service bus)
1. What
is Enterprise Architecture?
Microservices
are an evolution of SOA. Microservices don’t have a centralised service
management. Microservices only perform one business fuction. Microservices
usually go around lightway HTTP REST. SOA could be defined a superset of
Microservices.Containers are more suitable for Microservices. SOA Srvices share
data storage.Microservices use cloud platforms. SOA uses ESB to
comunicate(enterprise service bus)
3. What
is an architectural pattern?
An architectural
pattern is a general, reusable solution to a commonly occurring problem
in software architecture within a given
context.[1] Architectural patterns are similar to software design
pattern but have a broader scope. The architectural patterns address
various issues in software engineering, such as computer
hardware performance limitations, high availability and
minimization of a business risk. Some architectural patterns have been
implemented within software frameworks.
·
Model-view-controller, Presentation-abstraction-control, Model-view-presenter, and Model-view-viewmodel
4. How do
you manage changes to the Enterprise Architecture in
a
turbulent environment?
5. What
recent technology trends are important to Enterprise Architecture?
Instead,
they often combine with other trends to generate an even greater impact. Newer
digital technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial
intelligence, are adding to the Nexus of Forces (the combined effect of cloud,
mobile, social, big data and analytics) to create an exponentially bigger
impact. This is resulting in new trends. For example, data generated from IoT
is feeding advanced analytics and machine learning. This is producing more
intelligent applications and agents that can suggest the best response in a
given situation. The combined effect of all three has resulted in the digital
twin, a digital representation of a real-world entity or system.
6. What
are the most important artifacts of an Enterprise Architecture?
7. Walk me through a time when
you led Enterprise change.
8. What personal qualities make
for a good Enterprise Architect?
9. How do you sell the benefits
of SOA to executives?
10. How does Enterprise
Architecture support business goals and strategy?
11. How can you tell if an
Enterprise Architecture is comprehensive?
12. Is it
possible to calculate ROI for SOA?
It is
but we will be putting a finger in the air. SOA is usaually calculated
overtime. Reducing integration expense.Increase Asset Reuse. Increase Business
Agility
13. How do you go about
identifying the key business activities in an organization’s value-chain?
14. Can you give an example
where you created a architectural roadmap? How did you align project solutions
with the roadmap?
15. Can you give an example
where you championed a project? How did you justify the project to the
business?
16. What
was the most complex project in which you assumed a leadership role? What
challenges did you face?
Betfred, build Gambling platfotm in 6 months with premier
league deadline deadline. High performance dtabases and Microservices.
17. How would you go about
appraising an Enterprise Architecture in terms of completeness of scope?
18. What metrics can be used to
validate conformance of a solution to an architecture?
19. Can
you give an example where you helped establish a IT governance process?
Security/Encription.
20. Can you provide an example
in which you provided break-through architectural thinking?
21. Can you give an example
where you applied strategic architectural thinking to impact business
results?
22. Can you give an example
where you championed a business stakeholders’ requirements?
23. Is it possible to calculate
ROI for Enterprise Architecture?
24. Can
you give an example in which you evangelized architectures and strategies to
executives?
Cloud
25.
Can you give me an example in which you allocated architectural activities to
multiple architects?
I
work in team, we have always shared, for instance, sharing the encryption
strategy of the firm. I assign data arquitects to study data encryption.
26. Can you give an example
where you guided an organization’s strategy?
27. Can you give an example
where you pointed out weak links in technical plans?
28. Can you give an example
where you drove a business initiative by promoting cross-organizational
participation?
29. Can you provide examples
where you applied different data modeling techniques for different purposes?
30. Can you provide me an
example where you proposed a solution that satisfied business requirements?
What architectural alternatives did you consider?
31. Have you ever introduced a
new standard into an organization? What was it? How did you ensure adoption of
the standard?
32. Give me an example where
someone challenged your architectural decisions.
33. What was the most difficult
architectural question anyone ever asked you? How did you answer it?
34. Give me an example where you
defined and executed a strategy.
35. What
IT industry trends are you most interested in at the moment?
Machine learning and block chain
36. How
do you maintain your skills and stay current with IT trends?
I always keep projects aside. I tryied
with be with the devs as much as I can
37. Have
you ever helped to mediate opposing architectural viewpoints?
Yes
38. What tools have you used to
create and manage Architectural artifacts?
39. Can
you describe a situation where a key decision you made was wrong? How did you
correct the situation?
Encription was not FIPS compliance,
THANKS TO PREVIUS design with interfaces, we only have to change the concrete
class. It is important tfor me being challenged
40. Can
you describe a document you created that demonstrated your ability to
effectively communicate architectural decisions? Did the
document generate two-way communication?
Enterprise
Architecture Frameworks
41. What
is your favorite Enterprise Architecture framework? Why?
TOGAF
The Open Group Architecture Framework – a widely used framework
including an architectural Development Method and standards for describing
various types of architecture
42. Do
you have experience with any TOGAF Certified Tools?
I am studing it at the moment
43. What four architecture
domains does TOGAF deal with?
44. What
is the TOGAF Enterprise Continuum?
The
Architecture Continuum shows the relationships among foundational
frameworks (such as TOGAF), common system architectures (such as
the III-RM), industry architectures, and enterprise architectures.
The Architecture Continuum is a useful tool to discover
commonality and eliminate unnecessary redundancy.
45. Can
you describe the TOGAF Architecture Compliance Review Process?
No
SOA
Architecture
A service-oriented architecture is a style of software design
where services are provided to the other components by application components,
through a communication protocol over a network
46. Can
you give me a recent example of your SOA projects? How did you handle
security?
OWASP/FOCUS
Enterprise
Service Bus (ESB) is an infrastructure component for integrating applications
and services. ESBs facilitate the connectivity of business logic, where this
business logic is represented as a service
Routing
messages between services 2. Converting transport protocols between requestor
and services 3. Transformation of message formats between requestor and
services 4. Handling of business events from disparate sources
47. What
is a SOA service contract and why is it important?
48. What
is the difference between services and components?
9down voteaccepted |
A service can be made up of
several components. Usually a service provides one complete feature that is
made up by combining different components.
The service's user don't
need to know anything about the underlying components. User will deal only
directly with the service while service internally will be interacting with
the components
|
49. What
SOA design patterns have you used in the past?
·
Enterprise Service
Bus (ESB) ...
·
Authentication
Broker.
·
Service Façade.
...
·
Multiple Service
Contracts. ...
·
Agnostic Services.
...
·
Agnostic Service
Declaration. ...
·
Atomic Service
Transaction. ...
·
Service Callback.
...
·
Multiple Service
Contracts. ...
50. What
design principles do you use when architecting SOA services?
51. How
can you achieve loose coupling of services?
By using events
52. How
do you define a successful SOA?
When the design principles are
confomed
53. What
works better top-down or bottom-up service identification?
There
are several project delivery approaches that can be employed to build services.
The bottom-up strategy, for example, is tactically focused in that it makes the
fulfillment of immediate business requirements a priority and the prime
objective of the project. On the other side of the spectrum is the top-down
strategy, which advocates the completion of an inventory analysis prior to the
physical design, development, and delivery of services.
54. How
can services supporting long running processes be scaled effectively? By saving the states
55. How
can a SOA avoid redundant service logic?
Like data normalization, the Service Normalization
pattern is intent on reducing redundancy and waste in order to avoid the
governance burden associated with having to maintain and synchronize similar or
duplicate bodies of service logic.
Methodologies
56. What
is the difference between agile and scrum?
Agile
and Scrum are terms used in
project management. The Agile methodology employs incremental
and iterative work beats that are also called sprints. Scrum, on
the other hand is the type of agile approach that is used in
software development.
57. Give me an example where you
worked with stakeholders to document functional and non-functional requirements.
How did you prioritize the requirements?
58. Can you give an example
where you worked with a project manager to identify elements of a project plan
that put the project plan at risk?
59. What is a project
communication plan?
60. What is a project charter?
What essential elements should be captured in a project charter?
IT
service management
61. How would you migrate a
traditional application to cloud infrastructure? Rehosting
Replatforming — I sometimes
call this “lift-tinker-and-shift.”
Repurchasing — Moving to a
different product.
Refactoring /
Re-architecting —
Retire
Retain
62. How might IT service
management processes differ between a small-scale and large-scale
enterprise?
63. Can you give an example where
you prepared a Risk Assessment for IT Services?
64. Can you name 3 kinds of
SLA?
65. What is Network Policy
Enforcement?
66. What is a Operational Level
Agreement?
67. What is ITIL?
68. What is the difference
between Incident Management and Problem Management?
69. What is the difference
between Change and Release management?
There is often confusion between the
goals, authorities and roles of Change and Release Management. In
fact, the objectives of each of process are very, very different. ... It is
also a planning process. If Change Management is a governance
process, Release Management is an action process
70. What are the key activities
associated with Capacity Management?
Security
71.
What is Cross Site Scripting?
Cross-site scripting is a type of computer security
vulnerability typically found in web applications. XSS enables attackers to
inject client-side scripts into web pages viewed by other users
72.
Can you give me an architectural overview of public-key cryptography?
Blockchain
73.
From a security perspective, what is more important to focus on: threats or
vulnerabilities?
Threats are more important.
74.
What is the goal of enterprise information security?
Enterprise
information security architecture (EISA) is a part of enterprise architecture focusing on information security
throughout the enterprise. The name implies a difference that may not exist
between small/medium-sized businesses and larger organizations.
75.
What is Federated Identity Management?
A federated
identity in information technology is the means of linking a
person's electronic identity and attributes, stored across multiple
distinct identity management systems.[1]
Related to federated identity
is single sign-on (SSO), in which a user's single authentication ticket, or token,
is trusted across multiple IT systems or even organizations.[2][3][4] SSO is a subset of federated
identity management, as it relates only to authentication and is understood on the level of
technical interoperability and it would not be possible without some sort of
federation.[5]
Solution
Architecture
80.
What innovative solutions have you created?
81.
How do you version a service inventory?
Service
inventories are typically created through top-down delivery processes that
result in the definition of service inventory blueprints. The subsequent
application of service-orientation design principles and custom design
standards throughout a service inventory is of paramount importance so as to
establish a high degree of native inter-service interoperability. This supports
the repeated creation of effective service compositions in response to new and
changing business requirements.
When carrying out the service-oriented analysis process repeatedly for a
set of related business processes or for a particular business domain within an
organization, a collection of service candidates is produced. While still in
the conceptual stage, these services comprise a blueprint of a service
inventory that can be further analyzed and refined as necessary before
committing to the actual creation of a physical service inventory.
This specification
is referred to as a service inventory blueprint and it is the
primary target deliverable of repeated iterations through the service-oriented
analysis process as part of the overarching service inventory analysis (as
explained in the Mainstream SOA Methodology).
82.
If you had to both compress and encrypt data for transmission, which would you
do first? Why?
1-
ENCRYPT
2-
COMPRESS
Compression before encryption is
surely more space efficient but in the same time less secure. That's why I
would disagree with other answers.
Most
compression algorithms use "magic" file headers and that could be
used for statistical attacks.
83.
Can you explain the bridge pattern?
84.
What is a design pattern?
In
software engineering, a software design pattern is a general, reusable solution
to a commonly occurring problem within a given context in software design. It
is not a finished design that can be transformed directly into source or
machine code
85.
What is the difference between Object Oriented and Aspect Oriented
design?
Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) helps
to provide a solution to the previous problem. Instead of objects, AOP deals
with aspects. An aspect is a behavior that cuts through
multiple objects. One of the drawbacks to OOP is
that certain things will crosscut objects and methods.
Cross
cutting pieces like security, loging will be part of the objects. You can
enable and disable them
86.
In Java, when should you use an interface and when an abstract class?
If you want
to provide common, implemented functionality among all implementations of your
component, use an abstract class. Abstract
classesallow you to partially implement your class,
whereas interfaces contain no implementation for any
members.26 Jan 2009
87.
What is the difference between an Abstract Factory and a Factory? (Design
Patterns)
One difference between the
two is that with theAbstract Factory pattern, a class delegates the
responsibility of object instantiation to another object via composition
whereas the Factory Method pattern uses inheritance and relies
on a subclass to handle the desired object instantiation.21 Apr 2011
88.
What is a UML deployment diagram?
Deployment
diagram is a structure diagram which
shows architecture of the system as deployment(distribution) of
software artifacts to deploymenttargets. Artifacts represent
concrete elements in the physical world that are the result of a development
process.
89.
What factors impact project success?
90.
Can you describe the role of a solution architect during the different phases
of the SDLC?
For
many developers perhaps the most sought after role is the role of the Solution
Architect. The Solution Architect is the person who organizes the development
effort. They are responsible for the vision that underlies the solution and the
execution of that vision into the solution. The Solution Architect becomes
involved with a project at the time the Functional Analyst (FA) is developing
requirements. They then remain involved throughout the balance of the project.
What
is a Solution Architect?
The essence of the Solution
Architect (SA) role is the conversion of the requirements into an architecture and
design that will become the blueprint for the solution being created. This
conversion is based largely upon the previous design patterns that the SA has
been involved with in the past through reading and staying abreast of the
latest techniques, or through personal experience.
General
91.
Are you a Big Picture thinker? Can you give me an example?
Yes long term
92.
What do you know about our company?
93.
What do you do to build and manage your professional network?
Attend events, good relationhip with
providers
94.
Have you ever worked within an organization that has a siloed structure? How
did you deal with it?
95.
What was the best project you ever worked on? How did you contribute? Betgred machine learning
96.
How do you deal with difficult people?
1.
Be calm. ...
2.
Understand the
person's intentions. ...
3.
Get some
perspective from others. ...
4.
Let the person
know where you are coming from. ...
5.
Build a rapport.
...
6.
Treat the person
with respect. ...
7.
Focus on what can
be actioned upon. ...
8.
Ignore.
97.
What are the three tools you need most to do your job?
98.
Can you describe your leadership style?
·
Lead by delegating
and making others better: “I’m great
at delegating and finding the strengths of other team members. I try to give each
person a chance to do what they’re best at and create a team effort that
delivers a result that’s greater than the sum of its parts”
99.
Have you ever mentored someone?
All
the time
100.
Where do you see your career 5 years from now?
The
most important thing is accomplish my objectives and be sure that my team and
myself are the best into it.
101.
What is your experience in the area of IT financial management?
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